In a world where energy use is changing rapidly, and supplies are increasingly from variable and local sources, there is a requirement to have a more flexible energy system that is reliable and low carbon. One option is to increase levels of energy storage across scales, in order to meet consumer needs including for thermal, electrical, and mobility demands. The scope of such energy storage covers a wide family of technologies with different cost and performance characteristics, from batteries used in consumer goods to underground reservoirs holding hot water.
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