Federico Caprotti is based at the University of Exeter. He is an urban geographer with a central interest in researching urban futures. Federico led an ESRC Urban Transformations project on energy transitions in South African municipalities (2016-19). He also led the international Smart Eco-Cities for a Green Economy (SMART-ECO), funded by the ESRC, China’s NSFC, and the national research funding agencies of France, Germany, and the Netherlands (2015-19).